Power station algae to fuel jets

The Hunter’s power stations could play a role in the future production of biofuels for Australia’s airline industry.

A report produced by the CSIRO’s Energy facility in Newcastle claims algae, forest waste, crop residues or urban waste, could all be used to make jet biofuels.

It says greenhouse emissions could be cut by 17 per cent and it could reduce Australia’s reliance on aviation fuel imports by $2 billion dollars a year.

Manager of Carbon Futures, Paul Graham says if fuels can be developed from algae, then power stations are an ideal source.

“The exciting think about algae is that it doesn’t need particularly clean water and there’s a fairly wide temperature that acceptable for the water as well,” he said.

“They need to be located near a concentrated source of carbon dioxide so that’s something that could be located in the Hunter valley where we’ve got a high concentration of power stations.”

Source: http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/05/26/3227347.htm

Bioengineering Algae to Make Hydrogen

Researchers have discovered a way of bioengineering algae to produce hydrogen.

Many species of algae and cyanobacteria can use sunlight to split water and release hydrogen, a potentially eco-friendly way of producing hydrogen for fuel cells. No one’s seriously pursued it, however, because the process is secondary to producing compounds the algae need to live.

“The algae are really not interested in producing hydrogen, they want to produce sugar,” MIT postdoctoral candidate and researcher Iftach Yacoby (on the left in the pic) said.

Hydrogen is a byproduct of the production of the sugars the algae need to survive. The scientists say introducing an enzyme into the water in which the algae live suppresses sugar production and increases hydrogen production by about 400 percent without killing the organisms. The research revealed how the production of sugar and hydrogen compete and how the balance could be tipped in favor of making hydrogen.

“It’s one step closer to an industrial process,” said Shuguang Zhang of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Biomedical Engineering. “First, you have to understand the science.”

Now that they understand the science, he said, researchers can refine it to make the process commercially viable. That, he said, is “a matter of time and money.” Ultimately, the bioengineered algae could be used to produce hydrogen on a large scale because aglae is abundant, prolific and hardy and there is nothing toxic involved in the process.

“The beauty is in its simplicity,” Yacoby said.

Photo: Patrick Gillooly/MIT. Postdoc Iftach Yacoby, left, and Shuguang Zhang, associate director of MIT’s Center for Biomedical Engineering, in the lab.

Source: http://www.wired.com/autopia/2011/05/bio-engineering-algae-to-make-hydrogen/

Solazyme-Roquette’s algal flour promises exciting future for delicious, low-fat food

Algal flour may provide a one-step solution to the challenges of fat-reduction in foods, with low-fat cookies, crackers, and salad dressings possible new arrivals on supermarket shelves, according to Solazyme-Roquette Nutritionals.

Low fat cookies and shortbread... you wouldn't know!

Low fat cookies and shortbread… you wouldn’t know!

Consumer demand for healthy products is growing, but fat reduction in foods is complicated as fats play many roles in food, including adding texture, structure and flavor.

The imminent arrival on the market of SolazymeRoquette Nutritionals’s high-lipid algal flour may solve many of these problems, however: “If you’d have told me we can make low-fat foods that taste like this, I would have said no way,” Leslie Norris, food applications development for Solazyme, told FoodNavigator-USA.com during a recent visit to the company’s HQ in South San Francisco.

During the visit, your correspondent sampled a range of algal flour products, including chocolate milk and honey mustard dressing, with a taste and mouth-feel as good, if not better, than their full-fat versions, but boasting reductions in fat by as much as 70 percent.

Olive oil-esque

The company’s algal flour does contain lipid (50 percent of the flour is lipid), but the composition is similar to olive oil, explained Norris. It also contains 20 percent soluble fiber and 8 percent insoluble fiber. The ingredient is self-affirmed GRAS (generally recognized as safe).

Ken Plasse, senior director, sales and marketing for Solazyme Nutritionals, explained that the new algal flour is for use as a “primary ingredient alternative to make mainstream processed foods healthier without compromising on taste”.

Chocolate milk formulated with 4.5 percent algal flour not only tasted like the real thing, but contained 16 percent fewer calories, 66 percent less saturated fat, and 71 percent less cholesterol than the full-fat chocolate milk sitting beside it.

Shortbread cookies formulated with 7 percent algal flour and one-third the butter used in normal shortbread came with a label noting a 50 percent reduction in fat and a 57 percent reduction in saturated fat.

Other product prototypes presented included honey mustard dressing boasting 74 percent fewer calories and an 85 percent reduction in fat, compared to full-fat dressing, and a frozen dessert containing 38 percent fewer calories, and a 70 percent reduction in saturated fat, compared with a Haagen Dazs chocolate ice cream. And the algal dessert tasted creamier.

Solazyme-Roquette Nutritionals is gearing up for a soft launch of its new algal flour this summer, with an official launch scheduled for the latter end of 2011. The JV’s first plant should be on-line by Q4 of 2011, said the company, and products are expected on shelves between the middle of 2012 and early 2013.

JV

Solazyme announced a team-up with France’s Roquette in November 2010, and the joint venture named Solazyme-Roquette Nutritionals was launched.

Unlike other algae initiatives, the joint venture is not targeting individual molecules like DHA omega-3, but “at foods for everyday, microalgal ingredients that give taste, health and functionality, but are also affordable and sustainable”, said Roquette’s Philippe Caillat at the time of the announcement .

What next for algae?

Solazyme’s Plasse noted that more can be expected from algae: “Algae has an ability to naturally create new novel multifunctional ingredients that can provide significant health and functional advantages not available in other products on the market today. It also hits many of today’s top trends including vegan, gluten free, and sustainable production.”

Plasse added that the supplement market already has established algae-derived ingredient, like omega-3, chlorella, and spirulina. “Mainstream food ingredients are up and coming – Algal oils, protein and fibers, or unique combinations of each (like Algal Flour) show the most potential,” he added.

Source: http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Product-Categories/Fats-oils/Solazyme-Roquette-s-algal-flour-promises-exciting-future-for-delicious-low-fat-food

Algae biodiesel, fuel of the future, a no go says USDA chemist

A chemist based with the United States Department of Agriculture gave algae-based biofuels a failing grade recently when he reviewed the oil as an energy source, reported SciDevnet.

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has been exploring the potential of biodiesel fuels, research that has been mandated through legislation outlined in the 2006-2011 Strategic Plan. The overall imperative to develop biofuels comes from the White House, which has set a goal of producing 

“… 36 billion gallons of biofuels by 2022 to power our cars, trucks, jets, ships, and tractors…”

The US Department of Energy outlines the draft algae biofuel strategy in a document titled National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap. SciDevnet recently learned of a review of algae-based biofuels by Gerhard Knothe. Knothe, a chemist with the USDA, and a recognized expert in the field of biofuels, learned incidentally that biofuels do not perform well in automobiles, warning that too much money and energy is being spent on developing a fuel that may not actually be feasible. His findings are reported in a research paper called Algae for Biofuels and Energy. Described as the “fuel of the future,” the production of algae-derived biodiesel has had a number of problems. The promise, however, has been so alluring that many companies have been established in the hopes of being the first to create a viable fuel from algae. The biodiesel created from algae is supposed to be compatible to current diesel systems. Test flights in 2009 using a blend of algae-biodiesel mixed with petroleum jet fuel and plant biodiesel were deemed successful, reported the Scientific American. One of the enticements of the algae is its simplicity, renew-ability and environmentally-friendly aspects. All algae needs to grow is water, sunshine and air. Developments by Australia’s Aurora Biofuels show that production of biodiesel from algae has a low environmental impact. Knothe said there was a previously undescribed problem with algae biofuels — the inability of the fuel to perform in cold temperatures, as well as a tendency to break down a little too quickly. Knothe told SciDevnet that some genetic tinkering with the algae might solve those problems, but his prognosis was that algae as an alternative fuel source was many years away from being market-ready. A quick scan of the industry shows that Knothe has definitely found a sore point. While there are around 200 companies vying to be the first to develop a fuel from algae, as PBS reported, there is very little evidence that the companies are researching the capabilities of their end product – the biodiesel for cars, trucks, jets and all the other vehicles that use petroleum-based fuels. There has to be some research underway, after all, there are algae biodiesel companies teaming up with other agencies to develop viable fuels, for example, Solena and British Airways. But whatever knowledge about the performance of the biofuels might exist, it is being held close to the vest by those in the industry. This might be a result of the competitiveness of the industry, or simply a failure of the industry to look past solving the current problems presented by the production of algae-based biofuels. No one algae-derived biodiesel is the same. Every company has its own blend of algaes, it’s own special way of growing the algae on top of having one of at least three ways to extract the oil from the algae. But only one company has had its biodiesel approved for use by consumers in the United States. The Chevron-backed Solazyme, which has a contract with the US Navy to supply green jet fuel, created SoladieselRDTM, which was approved for use in vehicles in 2008. However, it is not commercially available, and Solazyme has only conducted limited tests the fuel in vehicles, not publishing the results. The Navy is testing out the algae-derived fuel, reported blogger Elisa Wood. The lack of attention paid to the actual performance of biodiesel has been pointed out in the past, as an article written for How Stuff Works in 2007 demonstrates. Which leaves the public wondering what is going on with the ‘fuel of the future.’ Some answers may be provided at the 7th annual World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology & Bioprocessing when

“Executives from companies commercializing algae technology will discuss the status of the industry, market acceptance, and the need for government policy…”

In the meanwhile, the industry appears to be concentrating on bringing down the high costs of production of the fuel, which is said to be around $33 per gallon, according to GreenTechMedia.